Rome
The Italian capital, Rome (or Roma in Italian), is home to a population of 2.8 million, known as Romans. Legend has it that the city was founded by the twins Romulus and Remus in 753 BCE. Situated on the banks of the river Tiber, Rome was established atop seven hills: Palatine Hill, Aventine Hill, Capitoline Hill, Caelian Hill, Esquiline Hill, Quirinal Hill, and Viminal Hill. Notably, the area surrounding Palatine Hill and Capitoline Hill would later emerge as the center of power of the vast Roman Empire. Visitors can explore numerous ruins and excavations in this area, including the Forum Romanum, while the Colosseum stands as a remarkable testament to the gladiator battles that once took place within its colossal walls.
The Pantheon, now serving as a church, boasts its distinctive circular, open roof and stands as one of the most impeccably preserved structures from ancient Roman civilization. Journeying along the Via Appia offers a captivating glimpse into the past as it follows one of Rome, Italy’s oldest thoroughfares. Essentially, Rome itself serves as an expansive museum, hence it comes as no surprise that the entire historic city center is included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
History of Rome
The modern history of Rome mirrors the enduring struggle between the spiritual authority of the papacy and the political influence of the Italian state capital. Rome, as the last city-state to join a unified Italy, faced coercion from Italian forces in 1870 before becoming part of the nation. Following the invasion, the pope sought refuge in the Vatican. Despite objections from Florence, which had been the capital since 1865, Rome was established as the capital of Italy, leading to the proliferation of ministries and barracks throughout the city.
The Catholic Church persisted in rejecting Italian authority until it reached a compromise with Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini in 1929, at which point both Italy and Vatican City acknowledged each other’s sovereignty. Concurrently, Mussolini cultivated a cult of personality that rivaled that of the pope, and his Fascist Party endeavored to revive the grandeur of Rome’s imperial history through an extensive public works initiative.
Climate of Rome
Rome experiences hot, dry summer days with high temperatures often exceeding 75 °F (24 °C. During these times, the afternoons are frequently cooled by the ponentino, a west wind that rises from the Tyrrhenian Sea. The city receives an average of approximately 30 inches (750 mm) of precipitation annually, with spring and autumn being the rainiest seasons. In contrast, mild winters in Rome are punctuated by frosts and occasional light snowfalls, with high temperatures averaging just above 50 °F (10 °C). The city also experiences the tramontana, a cold, dry wind from the north during winter.
Top Attractions to Explore in Rome
Rome offers abundant activities due to its rich historical and architectural heritage. It stands out for its seamless incorporation of ancient ruins and grand palaces within the urban landscape, showcasing living history at every turn. While a single day is insufficient to explore everything Rome has to offer, we have curated a selection of top sights and attractions for you to prioritize.
Colosseum in Rome
Historic entertainment venue from ancient Rome
The Colosseum stands as an iconic amphitheater constructed in AD 72, acknowledged as one of the world’s seven wonders. Experiencing its presence at the same location where Roman gladiators battled over 2,000 years ago is truly captivating.
A key attraction within this renowned archaeological site is the hypogeum – the remarkable underground labyrinth of chambers and passageways within the amphitheater. Anticipate long queues during your visit to the Colosseum. Minimize wait times by arriving early in the morning or late in the afternoon. For added convenience, consider purchasing tickets online to access shorter queues.
Explore the Roman Forum in Rome
The Roman Forum, a renowned gathering place of the Roman Empire
The Roman Forum served as the vibrant hub of Ancient Rome, housing basilicas, temples, bustling marketplaces, and governmental edifices. Today, its extensive remains continue to captivate, drawing over 4.5 million visitors annually who seek to envision life during the Roman Empire.
Key attractions include the Temple of Saturn, the Arch of Titus, and the Curia. Opt to explore during the early morning or late afternoon to evade the midday crowds. Conveniently, the Roman Forum is located within walking distance of the Colosseo metro Line B stop.
Spanish Steps
An Iconic Staircase for People-Watching and Photography
The Spanish Steps, a grand stone staircase erected in 1725, links the Piazza di Spagna, or Spanish Square, with the Trinità dei Monti church at its summit. While navigating the quaint streets at the heart of Rome, you will inevitably encounter this renowned landmark.
Upon ascending the 138 steps, pause to admire the picturesque views of the ancient Roman rooftops. If the church is accessible, take a moment to explore its interior and enjoy a serene respite from the bustling crowds outside. The steps are a popular attraction, particularly in spring when the staircase is adorned with vibrant azalea pots. Anticipate significant crowds during your visit.
Trevi Fountain
The Quirinale district is home to several remarkable landmarks. Trevi Fountain is renowned as one of the world’s most stunning fountains, spanning almost 50 meters and adorned with sculptures of Roman gods, tritons, and horses. Visitors traditionally toss coins into the fountain for luck and capture selfies with the breathtaking backdrop of Palazzo Poli palace. The charming narrow streets surrounding the fountain offer an enchanting stroll and are among the quaintest in Rome.
Lined with excellent dining options and gelaterias, streets such as Via di San Vincenzo and Via della Dataria lead to the Quirinal Palace, as well as the Piazza del Quirinale featuring an obelisk and the fountain of Castor and Pollux.
Discover the Pantheon in Rome
Enjoy stunning city views from the colonnade
The Pantheon stands as one of Ancient Rome’s most renowned landmarks and continues to serve as an active chapel. This grand temple, with its granite dome, is the final resting place of some of Italy’s most significant individuals, including the esteemed High Renaissance artist, Raphael. Take in the impressive Fontana del Pantheon marble fountain featuring a six-meter tall obelisk in Piazza della Rotonda.
The piazza provides a lovely relaxing setting, often accompanied by the sounds of street musicians. However, do remain cautious of pickpockets in the area. Easily accessible, it’s approximately a 10-minute stroll from Campo de’Fiori via the Corso Vittorio Emanuele II.
Explore the Vatican Museums
Discover 1,400 rooms showcasing historical masterpieces
Located within Vatican City, the Vatican Museums boast 54 galleries housing a magnificent collection of 20,000 artworks gathered by the Catholic Church over the centuries. A haven for art and history enthusiasts, the museums offer a rich tapestry of Renaissance paintings, religious art, Roman sculptures, and antiquities, as well as inscriptions from ancient catacombs.
Key attractions include the awe-inspiring Sistine Chapel, the intimate Niccoline Chapel, the opulent Borgia Apartment, and the fascinating Gallery of Maps featuring 16th-century maps crafted by Roman topographers. Regardless of the time of your visit, expect long queues, so securing skip-the-line tickets online is advisable for a significantly shorter wait.
Piazza Navona
A captivating location for evening people-watching
Piazza Navona is a stunning square with a history of over 2,000 years as a hub for social interaction among Romans. Its elongated shape originates from a 30,000-seat stadium constructed in AD 86 for sporting events, chariot races, and other spectacles. The ancient Romans even flooded the stadium to stage mock naval battles.
The remnants of the original stadium can still be seen on the northern side of the plaza, now designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Nowadays, the square showcases Baroque architecture, 3 remarkable fountains, and a vibrant al fresco café ambiance. The prime time to explore is at night when the crowds thin out. And the fountains exude a particularly enchanting allure.
St Peter’s Basilica
A Revered Destination in Vatican City
St Peter’s Basilica stands as the largest church globally. And holds great significance as one of the Catholic Church’s holiest places of worship. This grand church was constructed between 1506 and 1626 on the grave site of St Peter. One of Jesus’ 12 disciples, showcased remarkable Renaissance architecture.
Within its walls, visitors can admire a collection of awe-inspiring sculptures, such as Michelangelo’s Pietà statue. Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s monumental depiction of St Longinus, and the bronze Chair of Saint Peter. Although entrance to the Basilica is free, visitors should anticipate potentially lengthy queues. With wait times of up to 4 hours. Alternatively, for a faster entry, consider purchasing a guided tour. For a panoramic vista of Rome, you have the option to ascend to the top of the dome for a reasonable fee.
Castel Sant’Angelo
Situated along the Tiber River, within easy reach of Vatican City, Castel Sant’Angelo is a renowned fortress. Initially constructed as a mausoleum for Emperor Hadrian in AD 130. The massive structure later evolved into a papal fortress and a private residence. Throughout its history, the castle has served as a military headquarters and a notorious prison.
Today, the castle operates as a museum, allowing visitors to delve into Roman history at their own pace. Explore the passageways and dungeons, and wander through the papal apartments and grand halls. And marvel at an impressive array of sculptures, medieval weaponry, and well-preserved frescoes dating back to the Renaissance. Don’t miss the opportunity to visit the Castle’s Terrace and take in the breathtaking panoramic views of Rome.
